Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Ideologies and How They Impact Policy Making Essays

Essay Question: What are ideologies and how do they impact upon policy making? Ideologies refer to a set of ideas and values that provides a base for organised political action. They justify and influence the different theories of society and human nature. Ideologies have a big impact on policy making, as the government of the day will base their policies around these political ideologies. The two major political parties in New Zealand, National and Labour, each have different beliefs and values which lead to different ideologies. Looking at both parties previous and current policies, we can observe the impact of the ideologies they have adopted on their policy making. The National party in the last 20 years has driven policies from a†¦show more content†¦Neo-liberalism has had the greatest impact on public policy in New Zealand over the past 20 years. An example of this ideology in policy making in New Zealand history would be The National party in the 1990’s. National significantly reduced the state’s role in the labour market, and intr oduced markets in public housing and education. A more recent example is the current National government and their benefits policy. In 2008 National focussed on getting beneficiaries into employment. National’s leader John Key announced that they were committing to a benefit policy that would act as a safety net, but encourage beneficiaries to go out and source other forms of income (Key, 2008). This is a neo-liberal idea in the sense of having minimal state intervention. The plan to put in place a tax system that encourages people to work hard and not rely on the welfare state, and the continuing of shrinking the size of government sees that the future intentions of the current National party is going to carry on down a neo-liberal road (Key, 2008). Social democracy is a political ideology which embraces both socialism and liberalism (Belgrave, Cheyne, amp; O’Brien, 2008). It is not a tightly sealed set of political values and beliefs, but a set of several. Social democracy contrasts with the ideology of neo-liberalism by identifying market failure rather than government intervention (Eichbaum amp; Shaw, 2008); this is why it stands for a balance betweenShow MoreRelatedScientifically Based Research School Reform1551 Words   |  7 PagesThe policy mandates that school reforms and practices should be grounded on â€Å"Scientifically Based Research† and employ educators that are â€Å"Highly Qualified† (Manna Petrilli, 2008, p. 63). The â€Å"Scientifically Based Research† (SBR) and â€Å"Highly Qualified† (HQ) teachers are supposedly, fruits of collaboration between educational researchers and the policy makers. Regretfully, the overuse phrases have become mantras and in the process the real d efinitions of the words or how they are supposed to beRead MoreLibertarian Party Vs. Liberal Politics1294 Words   |  6 Pagesliberal, this simple label is becoming more difficult. Non-traditional ideologies are now emerging into the political arena that in prior elections would have been scoffed at. This 2016 election has shown a clear rise in support for Libertarianism, Democratic Socialism, and Authoritarianism. That is why it is important to understand what these ideologies mean through definition, policy preferences and the true impact these three ideologies have. Hardly ever do third party candidates poll more than 10 percentRead MoreThe Notions Of Capitalism And Socialism773 Words   |  4 Pagesthe free market determining economic winners and losers. b. What is an ‘ideology’? An ideology is a belief or set of beliefs, on which people, social class, or countries base their think, actions, and view the world. Marx and Engels began to use the term â€Å"ideology† as refer to any set of belief-system as well as a normative criteria. c. In Gallop’s view, what has taken the place of the 20th Century battle of ideologies? Do you agree? As Gallop points out in the 20th century the role of socialRead MoreThe Republicans Fight For Economic Justice And Security1171 Words   |  5 Pages Ideologies are referred as a set of ideas and values that provides a base for organised political action. They justify and influence the different theories of society and human nature. Ideologies have a big impact on policy making. Democratic and Republican parties differ on their ideologies and values, therefore, impacting policy formulation. Democrats fight for economic justice and security in the U.S. and global economies. For example, fairness is the core principle for the Congressional progressiveRead MorePolitical Ideologies Are The Best Way Of Governing A Country1734 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Political ideologies are the beliefs, morals and ethics held on what is the optimum way of governing a country (Jost, Federico, Napier, 2009). They have long guided the elected governments behaviour, particularly in effect to Social Policy decisions; determining what policy initiatives will be elected and what is the best way of implementing such policies. New Zealand has had various political ideologies brought in by different governments; such as Social Democracy, Social LiberalismRead MoreDemocrats and Republicans in the US Congress are as ideologically consistent and distinct as they1500 Words   |  6 PagesCongress are as ideologically consistent and distinct as they have been at any point. Both houses in the US congress have become more ideologically polarized in the past few years. Parties have grown increasingly divided in the past years on all major policy dimensions in American politics, Democrats have become more liberal and Republicans have become more conservative a nd independents are also leaning towards sides now a days. In fact, I believe that political polarization in congress was at an all-timeRead MoreThe Law Of The Land915 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment, policy, and laws using the Constitution. This Constitution was first signed by 39 delegates and created a foundation for which the country to abide by. Surely with 39 men, there were bound to be differing ideas on how to interpret this document. The way one interprets it to make rulings can be classified into Judicial Philosophy and ideology. With this and the Judiciary Branch, the United States can make well informed decisions on laws and statutes. Judicial Philosophy is simply how one â€Å"Read MoreThe Formation Of Social Policy1658 Words   |  7 Pages The Formation of Social Policy In this essay, I will be discussing how Conservatism and Socialism ideologies shape social policy in the UK. I will also be arguing that despite the United Kingdom being a democratic society, it is falling below democratic standards. At present, social media is one of the most powerful tools in shaping people’s perceptions on political ideologies, and therefore will be evaluating the extent it plays on policies as well as social conscience. The UnitedRead MoreA Different Perspective On Foreign Affairs1259 Words   |  6 PagesRudd each have a different perspective on foreign affairs, but there is also a common thread to their approach. In the following paper I compare and contrast a speech made by each of them concerning foreign affairs and note the large similarity of ideology between each of them. All speeches support a strong relationship with the United States of America and active engagement in international affairs. I argue that they differ only in the nuance of emphasis although there is some evidence of traditionalRead MoreCritically Analyse The Key Factors Involved On A Successful Delivery Of Health Care?1659 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolved in translating policy into practice to achieve successful delivery of health care?† â€Æ' â€Å"Critically analyse the key factors involved in translating policy into practice to achieve successful delivery of health care?† To deliver better care and outcomes, there is a need for evidence-based policy to be implemented successfully (1). Policy change can achieve impacts and sustainability beyond what is possible through standalone services or projects (2). Designing a policy and then translating

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Understand How to Establish an Effective Team Essay

Understand how to establish an effective team Understand how to develop and maintain effective working relationships Explain the benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team Effective working relationships are the cornerstone for building and maintaining a successful team. Good team communication provides direction, vision and motivation to the members of the team. Team communication can be the sending or receiving of messages to or from management, between team members or from one team to another. Effective team communication increases team members effectiveness and satisfaction because they are given the appropriate guidelines, tools and direction on how to accomplish tasks. The team needs to†¦show more content†¦At the end of the day / event there is a debrief meeting just to see how everything has been and evaluate where we are. Everyone is encouraged to have their say during these meetings. Describe behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work Explain the role of communication in developing effective team working It is essential that there is effective communication to build an effective team. Effective teams need to work well together and that team cohesiveness depends on building strong relationships among team members. Communication is crucial and is driven by the team leader who will work with the team to establish ground rules and work to bring the team together so that it can accomplish its goals. All teams will go through expected stages of development, from forming to storming to norming and eventually performing according to Tuckman. Navigating through these stages effectively will help teams build relationships which in turn improves communication. Effective team communication can lead to both personal and professional development. Some examples of good communication are the holding of regular catch up meetings, active listening (by management and team members), regular feedback, clear vision and goals. In contrast to the above poor communication skills can have an adverse e ffect on team working. If team members are not communicating amongst themselves thenShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Team Communication Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus of this paper is to show how communication is a very vital and important factor in a team’s success. I will cover how it helps to identify each individual team member’s role. I will discuss how team communication helps everyone in the team to understand the end goal, and I will also discuss how communication is a vital part of project planning within the team. The Importance of Team Communication Team dynamics is the unseen force that pulls and influences a team to act and react in a certainRead MoreLeadership Skills, High Communications Skills And Good Team Working Ability1282 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizations in both the public and private sectors are facing changes including political, economic, sociological, technological, legal and environmental issues. In my opinion, managers should have Leadership skills, high communications skills and good team working ability. These certain qualities are most crucial for the managers to run their profit making organization successfully. As the world is becoming more and more technologically advance, managers should make a good relationship with others. SoRead MoreSoc/110 Teamwork, Collaboration, and Conflict Resolution - Teams in the 21st Century1242 Words   |  5 PagesCONFLICT RESOLUTION WEEK 1 - TOPIC 1: TEAMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Relevance of Teams - Many of us have seen that Nobodys Perfect - But A Team Can Be and we have seen a team produce a quality and quantity of work far higher than the sum of what the separate members could have produced on their own. The success of any Endeavour hinges on the behavior, talents, balance and cohesion of this management team. There are two main points when it comes to relevance of teams, the first is the recognition thatRead MoreThe Wonderful Wizard Of Oz1469 Words   |  6 PagesCreating an empowered organization involves interest in the workplace; minimal absence from work, high retention rates; loyal and motivated team members; as well as efficient results and effective communication amongst team members. In the book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Baum, 1900), leadership empowerment skills are displayed pertaining to accountability. The team players were able to recognize and accept the actuality of the situation, thus respond to the situation effectively; they were able toRead MoreLeadership Development Of A Servant Leader1190 Words   |  5 Pagesperspective of that statement vary in many ways depending on the workplace situation. Servant leaders are able to recognize his or her spiritual poverty and effectively lead others under the Control of God the Father in order to maintain positive and effective relationships with others that they are working with. Servant leaders can admit to their mistakes and apologize for any wrong that they may do, show mercy to others, and strive to make peace. By following the pattern of Jesus Christ as a servantRead MoreProblem Solving and Team Members Essay example1584 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿SECTION 1: CREATE OPPORTUNITIES TO MAXIMISE INNOVATION WITHIN THE TEAM Last answered at: 20/05/2014 05:04PM Activity 1 20/05/2014 05:04PM 1 Why is it necessary to reflect on what the team needs and wants to achieve? All members of the team must know what are the specific goals and work objectives, that need to be achieved, when they must be completed and the standard to which they should be completed. It is necessary for every team of an organization to set directions on work goals and objectivesRead MoreBecoming A Doctoral Program At Concordia University1539 Words   |  7 Pagesleadership and organizational development, I felt fairly confident that I would be able to successfully define what it means to serve as a leader. Early in my studies, I recall proudly examining my bookshelves as I perused titles such as, The Art of War, How to The Articulate Executive, In Search of Excellence, Leadership Brand, and Execution: The Discipline of Getting Things Done. This sense of pride was short lived, as I discovered through my studies that most of these titles, and countless others inRead MoreSuperintendent and School Board Relations1313 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to maintain these collaborativ e and trusting relationships, the Superintendent must be able to clearly outline the roles of the Board, provide a consistent system of communication, and develop a team concept framework. School Boards can be both good and bad. Much depends on the how effectively a Superintendent can define the members roles and responsibilities, including his own. Sharp and Walter (2004) state that problems arise when boards and superintendents do not have a clearRead MoreLeadership Analysis : The American Organization Of Nurse Managers948 Words   |  4 Pagespossess in order to be an effective leader. The American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE) has compiled a list of competencies and skills that nurse leaders should be proficient in. The five competency domains identified by AONE (2011) are â€Å"communication and relationship building, knowledge of health care environment, leadership skills, professionalism, and business skills† (p. 3). The competency domain I believe is essential for one to possess in order to be an effective executive nurse leaderRead MoreExplain The Problems In Establishing Self-Directed, High-Performing Teams922 Words   |  4 P ageshigh-performing teams is vital to the organization, especially in large companies. There are some managers who are successful at establishing these self-directed, high-performing teams, while other manager have difficulties establishing self-directed, high-performing teams. Therefore, the managers who are struggling need to find solutions on how to establish these self-directed, high-performing teams. Our company has some managers who need help with establishing self-directed, high-performing teams. This

Monday, December 9, 2019

Its use and meaning free essay sample

Few linguists have endeavored to clearly define what constitutes slang. Attempting to remedy this, Bethany K. Dumas and Jonathan Lighter argue that an expression should be considered true slang if it meets at least two of the following criteria. It lowers, if temporarily, the dignity of formal or serious speech or writing; in other words, it is likely to be considered in those contexts a glaring misuse of register. Its use implies that the user is familiar with whatever is referred to, or with a group of people who are familiar with it and use the term. Its a taboo term in ordinary discourse with people of a higher social status or greater responsibility. It replaces a well-known conventional synonym. This is done primarily to avoid discomfort caused by the conventional synonym or discomfort or annoyance caused by having to elaborate further. Michael Adams remarks that [slang] is liminal language it is often impossible to tell, even in context, which interests and motives it serves Slang is on the edge. We will write a custom essay sample on Its use and meaning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And while efforts like Adams open slang up for discussion, introductory definitions like his and Partridges Slang To-Day and Yesterday offer little more than a sketch of what slang is. Slang dictionaries, collecting thousands of slang entries, offer a broad, empirical window into the motivating forces behind slang. While many forms of language may be considered sub-standard, slang remains distinct from colloquial and jargon terms because of its specific social contexts. While considered inappropriate in formal writing, colloquial terms are typically considered acceptable in speech across a wide range of contexts, while slang tends to be considered unacceptable in many contexts. Jargon refers to language used by personnel in a particular field, or language used to represent specific terms within a field to those with a particular interest. Although jargon and slang can both be used to exclude non–group members from the conversation, the intention of jargon is to optimize conversation using terms that imply technical understanding. On the other hand, slang tends to emphasize social and contextual understanding. The expression down size is an example of jargon, while the adjective  gnarly is an example of slang. Down size originated from 1990s era corporate jargon, as a euphemistic way to talk about layoffs. Gnarly, by contrast, originates from off-roaders, talking about the most treacherous area of a mountain, which likely would have gnarls of some kind, but was extended by this same group to mean any kind of intense or particularly daring act. While colloquialisms and jargon may seem like slang because they reference a particular group, they do not fit the same definition, because they do not represent a particular effort to replace standard language. Colloquialisms are considered more standard than slang, and jargon is often created to talk about aspects of a particular field that are not accounted for in the standard lexicon. It is often difficult to differentiate slang from colloquialisms and even more standard language, because slang generally becomes accepted into the standard lexicon over time. Words such as spurious and strenuous were once slang, though they are now accepted as standard, even high register words. The literature on slang even discusses mainstream acknowledgment of a slang term as changing its status as true slang, because it has been accepted by the media and is thus no longer the special insider speech of a particular group. Nevertheless, a general test for whether a word is a slang word or not is whether it would be acceptable in an academic or legal setting, as both are arenas in which standard language is considered necessary and/or whether the term has been entered in the Oxford English Dictionary, which some scholars claim changes its status as slang.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Who Was To Blame For The Cold War Essay Example For Students

Who Was To Blame For The Cold War? Essay Who Was To Blame For The Cold War?The blame for the Cold War cannot be placed on one person itdeveloped as a series of chain reactions as a struggle for supremacy. It can beargued that the Cold War was inevitable, and therefore no ones fault, due tothe differences in the capitalist and communist ideologies. It was only theneed for self-preservation that had caused the two countries to sink theirdifferences temporarily during the Second World War. Yet many of the tensionsthat existed in the Cold War can be attributed to Stalins policy of Sovietexpansion. It is necessary, therefore, to examine the role of Stalin as acatalyst to the Cold War. We will write a custom essay on Who Was To Blame For The Cold War? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Stalins foreign policies contributed an enormous amount to the tensionsof the Cold War. His aim, to take advantage of the military situation in post-war Europe to strengthen Russian influence, was perceived to be a threat to theAmericans. Stalin was highly effective in his goal to gain territory, withvictories in Poland, Romania, and Finland. To the western world, this successlooked as if it were the beginning of serious Russian aggressions. The westernview of the time saw Stalin as doing one of two things: either continuing theexpansionist policies of the tsars that preceded him, or worse, spreadingcommunism across the world now that his one-state notion had been fulfilled. It also must be mentioned that Stalin is seen as wanting unchalleged personalpower and a rebuilt Russia strong enough to withstand caplitalistencirclement.1Admittedly, the first view of Stalin, as an imperialist leader, may beskewed. The Russians claim, and have always claimed, that Stalins motives werepurely defensive. Stalins wished to create a buffer zone of Communist statesaround him to protect Soviet Russia from the capitalist West. In this sense,his moves were not aggressive at all they were truly defensive moves toprotect the Soviet system. His suspicions of Western hostility were notunfounded: the British and U.S. intervention in the Russian Civil War (1918-1920) were still fresh in Stalins memory when he took power. Furthermore,Stalin was bitter because he was not informed of U.S. nuclear capabilities untilshortly before the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. Compounding tensionswas the fact that Stalins request that Russia be allowed to participate in theoccupation of J apan was denied, even though Russia had declared war on Japan on8th August (the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on 10th August) and had beenresponsible for annexing south Sakhalin as agreed to at Yalta. This failure tobe included in the Western worlds politics created an even deeper rift betweenthe two superpowers. Clashes between Stalin and the West first appear at the Yalta andPotsdam Conferences in February and July 1946, respectively. Though the mood atYalta was more or less cooperative, Stalin agitated matters by demanding thatall German territory east of the Rivers Oder and Neisse be given to Poland (andthus remain under Soviet influence). Both Roosevelt and Churchill refused toagree to these demands. The Soviet Union responded bluntly, saying ..theSoviet Government cannot agree to the existence in Poland of a Governmenthostile to it.2 The atmosphere at the Potsdam Conference was noticeably cooler,with Truman replacing Roosevelt as the representative from the United States. Trumanhad been kept in complete ignorance by Roosevelt about foreign policy,3 which meant that Truman was not aware of the secret assurances of securityRoosevelt had made to Stalin. His policy towards Soviet Russia, then, was muchmore severe than that of Roosevelt. He was quoted as saying We must stand upto the Russian sWe have been too easy with them.4 Both Truman and Churchillwere annoyed because Germany east of the Rivers Oder and Neisse were beingoccupied by Russian troops and were being run by the pro-communist Polishgovernment, who expelled over five million Germans. This went directly againstthe agreements made at Yalta earlier in the year. The west viewed this as anact of aggression on the part of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union respondedwith a statement saying Poland broders with the Soviet Union, what sic cannotbe said of Great Britain or the United States.5From this point, the Cold War truly becomes a chain reaction. In Marchof 1946, Churchill presented his Iron Curtain speech at Fulton, Missouri, inresponse to the spread of communism in eastern Europe. He called for a westernalliance to combat the threat. Stalins response was hostile: rather thantrying to negotiate a peaceful settlement, Stalin continued to tighten his gripon eastern Europe. Communist governments were installed in e very area ofeastern Europe (barring Czechoslovakia) by the end of 1947. These governmentswere implemented by guerrilla tactics: elections were rigged, non-communistmembers of the governments were expelled, with many being arrested or executed,and eventually, Stalin dissolved all non-communist political parties. Stalinbegan to implement a reign of terror using the Russian Army and his secretpolice force. Moreover, Stalin had increased his influence in the Russian zoneof Germany as if it belonged to Russia. He allowed only the communist party anddrained the area of its vital resources. .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c , .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c .postImageUrl , .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c , .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c:hover , .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c:visited , .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c:active { border:0!important; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c:active , .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u26211247e194874fbe7191746a67941c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: You Belong To Me EssayThe West reacted. It appeared to them that Russias attitude wentagainst all of the promises that Stalin had made at Yalta namely, that Stalinwould permit free elections in the eastern European states. Russia argued thatit needed to maintain a sphere of influence in the area for security reasons: tothis, even Churchill agreed in 1944. Further, Russia argued that the areas hadnever had democratic governments, and that a communist system would allow these backward countries to progress and flourish. Stalins policy of expansionworried the West: in response, the West introduced the Truman Doctrine and theMarshall Plan, both of which sought to arrest the s pread of communism. Stalins aggressive tactics did not end with creating a sphere ofinfluence. Stalin re-established Cominform in September 1947. Cominformrepresented a union of all of the communist states within Europe, includingrepresentatives from the French and Italian communist parties. Even within thiscommunist structure, Stalin had to exert his influence. It was not enough for astate to be merely communist: it had to adopt the Russian-style communism. Furthermore, the states within Cominform were expected to keep trade within theCominform member states, and were discouraged from making any contact with theWestern world. Russia strengthened the ties with the Cominform countriesthrough the Molotov plan, which offered Russian aid to the satellite states, andthe establishment of Comecon, which served to coordinate the economic policiesof the communist states. These actions on the part of Stalin only increased therift between the capitalist and the communist systems, and made futurecompromise and negotiations more difficult. Perhaps the most aggressive move that Stalin made, however, was thetakeover of Czechoslovakia in February 1948. Several key issues arose in thisconflict. First, the U.S. felt alienated when Czechoslovakia rejected MarshallAid, which the U.S. blamed on the influence of the communist party. Second, thePrime Minister of Czechoslovakia was a communist, the President and ForeignMinister were not. Finally, the fact that the communists took power inCzechoslovakia by means of an armed coup sent waves of fear through the westernworld, causing the iron curtain to fall even further. The U.N. had its handstied, because there were free elections (the candidates were all communist)and there was no proof of Russian involvement. While it cannot be proved thatStalin ordered the coup, the signals were clear: Stalin had likely encouragedthe coup, and it was not coincidental that Russian troops in Austria were movedup to the Czech border. Czechoslovakia was the final east-west bridge, and withthe fall o f it, the iron curtain was complete. The final hostile movement of Stalin of importance was the Berlinblockade and airlift. When Russia grew dissatisfied with the economic disparitythat had developed in Berlin, it responded by closing all road, rail and canallinks between West Berlin and West German. The goal was to force western powersfrom West Berlin by reducing it to the starvation point. While the blame for the Cold War cannot be placed on a single man,Stalins expansionist policy was clearly an ever-present catalyst in the war. Certain Truman was not blameless, but the U.S. was not expanding its empire the Soviet Union was. Whether the expansion was for self-preservation, orwhether it was merely imperialistic expansion, is relatively immaterial. WhatStalins actions unarguably did was start a string of chain-reactions within thewestern powers, and therefore, a good deal of the blame must rest with him. BibliographyAronsen, Lawrence Martin Kitchen, The Origins of the Cold War in ComparativePerspective: American, British and Canadian Relations with the Soviet Union1941-1948. London: MacMillan Press, 1988. .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc , .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc .postImageUrl , .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc , .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc:hover , .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc:visited , .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc:active { border:0!important; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc:active , .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u66c1af58943a7a6685b7cdfbe8b337dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Philippine Typhoons EssayDavis, Lynn E. The Cold War Begins: Soviet-American Conflict over EasternEurope. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1974. Dockrill, Michael. The Cold War: 1945-1963. London: MacMillan Education Ltd.,1988. Halle, Louis J. The Cold War as History. London: Chatto Windus, 1971. Jonsson, Christer. Superpower: Comparing American and Soviet Foreign Policy. London: Frances Pinter Publishers, 1984. LaFeber, Walter. America, Russia, and the Cold War 1945-1990, 6th ed.. NewYork: McGraw Hill, Inc., 1991. Maier, Charles S., ed. The Origins of the Cold War and Contemporary Europe. NewYork: New Viewpoints, 1978. McCauley, Martin. The Origins of the Cold War. Essex: Longman Group Ltd., 1983. . Smith, Joseph. The Cold War, 1945-1965. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Ltd., 1989. History