Biography of Tarquin the Proud, Etruscan King of Rome

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (died 495 BCE), or Tarquin the Proud, ruled Rome between 534 and 510 BCE and was the last king the Romans would tolerate. Tarquinius despotic reign earned him the title Superbus (proud, haughty). The flaw in Superbus character—he combined a great deal of ambition with a wealth of family treachery in his background—eventually led to the end of the Etruscan rule over the city of Rome. Superbus was a member of the Tarquin Dynasty, dubbed the Great House of Tarquin by Romes historian Livy, but the spotty, intrigue-riddled reign was hardly a dynasty. The Tarquins were one of several Etruscan chiefs, including the Tarchu, Mastarna, and Porsenna, who in turn usurped Romes throne with little chance to found genuine dynasties. Cicero sketched the Tarquin history in his Republica  as an example of how easily good government could degenerate. Fast Facts: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus Known For: The Last Etruscan king in RomeAlso Known As: Tarquin the ProudBorn: Year unknown in RomeFather: Lucius Tarquinius PriscusDied: 495 BCE in Cumae, RomeSpouse(s): Tullia Major, Tullia MinorChildren: Titus,  Arruns, Sextus, Tarquinia Early Years Superbus was the son or possibly the grandson of Tarquinius Priscus and son-in-law of the previous Etruscan king Servius Tullius. The exact date of Superbus birth is unknown. Ciceros text suggests that Superbus and his future wife Tullia Minor killed their respective spouses, Arruns Tarquin and Tullia Major, before murdering Servius Tullius and bringing Superbus to power. There are no historical records for this period in Roman history: Those records were destroyed when Gaul sacked Rome in 390 BCE. What scholars know of the Tarquin history are legends written down by the much later Roman historians Livy, Cicero, and Dionysius. Superbus Reign After ascending the throne, Superbus embarked on a campaign of expansion early in his reign, waging war against the Etruscans, Volci, and Latins. His victories helped cement Rome’s status as an important power in the region. Superbus also signed Rome’s first treaty with Carthage and completed construction of the massive Temple of Capitoline Jupiter. He also used forced labor to extend the Maxima drainage system, an important water-and-sewer system in ancient Rome. Revolt and the New Republic A revolt against the corrupt Etruscans was spearheaded by Tarquin the Prouds nephew Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucretias husband Tarquinius Collatinus. In the end, Superbus and all of his family (ironically, including Collatinus) were expelled from Rome. Along with the end of the Etruscan kings of Rome, the power of the Etruscans over Latium weakened. Rome replaced the Etruscan rulers with a Republic. Although there are some who believe there was a gradual transition to the consul system of the Republic, the Fasti Consulares list the annual consuls straight after the end of the regal period. Legacy Classical scholar Agnes Michels and others have suggested that the text Livy, Dionysius, and Cicero used to describe the events of the Tarquin Dynasty has all the earmarks of a classic tragedy, or rather, a trilogy of plays with the moral theme of cupido regni (kingdom of lust). Superbus legacy of court intrigue and scandal led to the end of the Etruscan rule of Rome. It was Tarquin the Prouds son, Tarquinius Sextus, who raped the Roman noblewoman Lucretia. Lucretia was the wife of his cousin Tarquinius Collatinus, and her rape brought about the end of Etruscan rule. Lucretias rape was scandalous on several levels, but it came about because of a drinking party during which her husband and other Tarquins argued over who had the most beautiful wife. Sextus was at that party and, aroused by the discussion, came to the virtuous Lucretias bed and forcibly raped her. She called her family to demand revenge, and when they didnt deliver, she committed suicide. Sources Gantz TN. 1975. The Tarquin Dynasty. Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte 24(4):539-554.Michels AK. 1951. The Drama of the Tarquins. Latomus 10(1):13-24.Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. â€Å"Tarquin.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 4 Apr. 2018.Cartwright, Mark. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus.  Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 03 Mar 2017. Web. 17 Mar 2019.

Jane Eyre vs Wide Sargasso Sea Essay example - 1635 Words

Tyler Perimenis Professor Mathews English 2301W 21 October 2014 Symbolism through Theme Of Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea â€Å"To produce a mighty book, you must choose a mighty theme. No great and enduring volume can ever be written on the flea, though many there be that have tried it,† stated Herman Melville. As implied, without theme, no novel can be considered â€Å"mighty† or have any depth. Theme is essential in any work of art. Jane Eyre is a novel by Charlotte Brontà « that takes the reader through the experiences of Jane Eyre, from childhood to adulthood. This includes her love for Mr. Rochester, who is the master of Thornfield Hall, the school in which Jane works at as an adult. Wide Sargasso Sea, a novel by Jean Rhys, includes†¦show more content†¦In some cases, it is a symbol used in some cases for rebirth or new life. Jane is often compared to fire while Antoinette is intrigued by fire. Jane is referred to as â€Å"a ridge of lighted health, alive, glancing, devouring† (Wide Sargasso Sea, Chap ter 4). Also, in Wide Sargasso Sea, Rochester loves the immense fireflies as he also loves the candles that Antoinette repeatedly puts out around the house. This theme of fire is obvious in two particular cases. One of these cases is when Coulibri is burned and Anette falls into insanity, and the other being when Bertha burns Thornfield down, ultimately killing herself and seriously injuring Rochester (Symbolism in Wide Sargasso Sea). In addition, Rochester, in Wide Sargasso Sea, describes the West Indies as â€Å"fiery†. This shows his dislike of the land he is not familiar with until it increases and reaches the point when he decides to shoot himself. This scene relates to the scene in Jane Eyre when Jane hears Rochester’s voice as she walks through the woods. Fire relates Jane and Antoinette in different ways. Fire additionally describes Jane’s love for Rochester, while on the other hand; it describes Antoinette’s pain and fear, whereas it also links Jane and Bertha. The fire that Jane possesses is her love for Rochester as she describes it as â€Å"fiery iron grasped my vitals,† and Bertha’s literal setting of the fire that kills her. This is symbolic of the newShow MoreRelatedEssay on Mr. Rochester versus The Man1538 Words   |  7 PagesMr. Rochester vs. The Man Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte and Wide Sargasso Sea, by Jean Rhys are novels with an obvious connection, however, this connection is not definite one. The main male character’s name in Jane Eyre is Mr. Rochester who has a very mysterious history in the Caribbean while The Man in Wide Sargasso Sea moves to the Caribbean after living in England for his entire life. Jean Rhys never states that the two men are the same, but the similarities between the two lead the reader

3d Printing And Its Effects On The World Of Tissue...

3D Printing On the forefront of tissue scaffold fabrication is 3D printing. 3D printers have a multitude of advantages over traditional scaffold fabrication methods. High print precision allows fibers to be deposited into 3D structures with finely tunable dimensions, 3D printers also have the ability to incorporate multiple materials into the same structure through multiple extrusion heads. Jakus et al. used a 3D extrusion based printer to create a graphene and polylactide-co-glycolide scaffold and showed it could create a 3D graphene structure (3DG) with features as small as 100 um and as large as 10cm offering a large range of applications. They also showed that 3DG supports human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) adhesion, viability, proliferation, and neurogenic differentiation with significant upregulation of glial and neuronal genes [9]. The ease in fabrication and the ability to precisely modify structure with 3D printers allows for opportunities in a wide range of tissue engineering applicat ions. Incorporating growth factors and other bioactive molecules into a CP It is often desirable to modify the material properties of a polymer to better optimize it for different applications. Critical properties that affect the possible applications of the polymer include conductivity, porosity, hydrophobicity, degradability. There are four main processes to incorporate chemical and biological molecules into a polymer. The simplest method is adsorption, following theShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Nano Structured Neural Scaffolds For Neural Regeneration2741 Words   |  11 PagesTopical Review Use of nano-structured neural scaffolds for neural regeneration in case of Parkinson’s Disease ABSTRACT Parkinson’s Disease (PD) affects a large percentage of people all over the world. Currently, an effective strategy for regeneration of neurons that are lost in PD does not exist; however, nanotechnology has offered new avenues in the field of neural tissue regeneration. Nanostructured scaffolds have been shown to have the ability to promote neuronal growth and their excellent biomimeticRead MoreCurrent And Projected Healthcare Applications Of 3d Printing Essay3058 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as rapid prototyping (RP) and additive manufacturing (AM), is a transformational technology that is anticipated to revolutionize the healthcare industry. Current and projected healthcare applications of 3D printing include: customized prosthetics; personalized surgical implants; drug delivery, pre-operative and educational anatomical models; and tissue and organ engineering. The implications of 3D printing are expected to be considerableRead MoreUpcomng Advances in 3D Printing1205 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction [271] 3D printing is a means of revolutionising almost any and all aspects of life. The potential to bringing into the physical world anything that can be conceived in the mind (and created on a computer) brings a myriad of variety ; expanding markets and capabilities, whether new or improving products and processes that are already in practice. 3D printers are falling in price as the technology improves and the want for them increases making the ability to create anything domestically

The Federalist And The Anti Federalist - 864 Words

In America today there are many political parties which include the Democrats and the Republicans. The beginning of political parties started in 1787 with the federalist, then later on the anti-federalist in 1796. Alexander Hamilton was the leader of the federalist party. Thomas Jefferson was the leader of the anti-federalist; who called themselves the Democratic-Republicans. Our first president, George Washington warned us about having parties and the danger of them. However, not until Congress debated the ratification and implementation of Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain did two political parties clearly emerge; the Federalist and the Anti-Federalist. Today the most influential parties are the Democrats and the Republicans. These parties win all of the presidential elections as of today. Political parties formed because the United States was beginning to grow and expand. Many people had different opinions and so political parties were formed. People were concerned about th e how the new government was going to be organized. In 1787, the Federalist party, which was lead by Alexander Hamilton, was formed. Alexander Hamilton wrote the papers The Federalist and they were published in 1787 and 1788. The papers were about ratifying the constitution of the United States. This party was formed by people who had the same or similar beliefs as Alexander Hamilton. The federalists were individuals who supported a strong national government, diplomatic ties with Great Britain,Show MoreRelatedThe Federalist And Anti Federalist1263 Words   |  6 Pages The Anti-Federalist put up a long and hard fight, however, they were not as organized as the Federalists. While the Anti- Federalist had great concerns about the Constitution and National government, the Federalist had good responses to combat these concerns. 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On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists were opposed to such a form of governmentRead MoreFederalists Vs. Anti Federalists1518 Words   |  7 PagesIn early 1788, Federalists and Anti-Federalists held fierce debates over how the state of Rhode Island would vote on Constitutional ratification. Two models of democracy were contested: the Anti-Federalists argued in favor of mass participation in the form of a state referendum, and the Federalists argued in favor of elite representation in the form of a state convention. On the whole, while the state referendum model used in the debates in Rhode Island allows for greater participation and an opportunityRead MoreFederalists vs. Anti-Federalists1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthe subject of numerous debates. The contending groups consisted of Federalists, those who supported ratification, and Anti-Federalists, those opposed to the constitution. Each group published a series of letters known as the Federalist and Anti-Federalist Papers. 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Famous federalists like James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton are responsibleRead MoreThe Federalists Vs. The Anti Federalists1801 Words   |  8 Pagesare worse than others. In the case of the Federalists vs. The Anti-Federalists, was the drafting of the Constitution actually worth it in the end? When the colonists first came over seas from Great Britain there was one thing that was vastly agreed on—a change in how government works and runs was necessary for the future of America. Two major groups eventually formed behind this way of thinking, the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federa lists were under the impression that the formation

The July Plot Failed Largely Because of Popular Support for Hitler Free Essays

string(30) " was first published in 1952\." The German public had met the outbreak of World War II with a general sense of apprehension. Although Hitler had been admired for his achievements thus far, it was becoming increasingly obvious to the German public that the regeneration of their economy would come at a price. Hitler made considerable achievements in political and economic fields. We will write a custom essay sample on The July Plot Failed Largely Because of Popular Support for Hitler or any similar topic only for you Order Now He also addressed military matters and to some extent social policy. The Enabling Bill was passed in March 1933, with opposition coming only from the Socialists. This was due to the threat posed by the development of the Gestapo and of course, the SS, which had advanced â€Å"from improvised terror of the early years to the gigantic concentration-camp system of the extermination era. † (Bracher – 1970) As a result of relentless persecution and the introduction of stringent laws, various groups emerged, with a mutual opposition to Nazi conformity. Unfortunately there was no single, unified resistance movement, which meant that any kind of successful campaign proved difficult to initiate, especially under the close eye of the Gestapo. Resistance ranged from youth groups such as the Edelweiss Pirates, committing petty crimes, to the Beck-Goerdeler group and the Kreisau Circle who made attempts on Hitler’s life. At the same time there was a great deal of support for Hitler and allegiance to him, which made it more difficult still for the resistance groups to take any action. The Edelweiss Pirates were a prime example of youth resistance to Nazi conformity. They consisted of mostly working class youths. Some had refused to join the Hitler youth because of the lifestyle it would have imposed upon them. Others had simply dropped out from the Hitler Youth presumably because they disagreed with the programme. They daubed graffiti on public walls, disturbed uniformed officials and held pitched battles with the Hitler Youth. On a greater scale, groups such as the Kreisau Circle and the Beck-Goerdeler Group spoke actively about ending the Nazi regime and looked towards a post Nazi Germany. The founders of the Beck-Goerdeler group, Ludwig Beck and Carl Goerdeler, had both held positions in Hitler’s governmental office. Beck was Chief of General Staff and Goerdeler was Commissioner, having remained in office after the government of Heinrich Bruning. Beck particularly objected to Hitler’s attempts to take over the army. He sent a messenger to London to seek military aid from Neville Chamberlain to help prevent Germany invading Czechoslovakia. However, Chamberlain’s regime was one of appeasement. Hitler learned of Beck’s opposition and he was thrown out of office. From there on in he kept in touch with many others who opposed Hitler’s regime. Goerdeler resigned from office in 1934 after disagreement with Hitler’s policies, publicly opposed German rearmament and the Nuremberg Laws and was appalled by the Munich Agreement whereby the Sudetenland was taken from Czechoslovakia and given back to Germany. He made contact with Beck and became involved in the July Plot where he agreed to become Chancellor in the proposed office should the plot prove successful. There were various other key figures within the Beck-Goerdeler group such as Henning von Tresckow, a general staff officer during the Second World War, and Captain Wilhelm Canaris who worked with Himmler and SS intelligence but leaked information to Beck and Goerdeler. However, one figure emerged as an active leader of the Beck-Goerdeler group by the name of Major Claus von Stauffenberg. Appalled by the atrocities of the SS as a member of the general staff, he began to associate with Henning von Tresckow and others. He was soon promoted to major and was badly injured when his car was attacked by enemy aircraft and rolled into a minefield. While recovering from his injuries he decided to join the Beck-Goerdeler group in the July Plot. It was decided among the group that Hitler and Himmler must be eliminated. Once that was done, it was planned for troops in Berlin to seize key government buildings, telephone and signal centres and radio stations. The Kreisau Circle was a group of German professionals, army officers and academics who were opposed to Nazism. Founded in 1933, it was led by Count Helmuth von Moltke, who was born in Kreisau itself and who worked closely with Wilhelm Canaris and Hans Oster. In 1939 he became financial adviser to Abwehr, the German military intelligence organization. Many of the members of Abwehr became active in the resistance movement in Germany, including von Moltke, Oster, and Canaris who was head of Abwehr. Members of the Kreisau Circle frequently held their meetings on von Moltke’s estate. They saw defeat in the war as inevitable and post war planning and reorganisation as essential. Hitler and the Nazi party were threatened not only by active resistance groups, but also by various organisations, not least the German Army. In fact, according to Dr. Klaus Hildebrand in his book â€Å"The Third Reich,† â€Å"Two major political and social forces, namely big business and the army, managed to resist the party’s totalitarian demands until 1936 and 1938 respectively, when they were brought under strict control. † The extract is taken from â€Å"The Third Reich† written by Dr. Klaus Hildebrand, first published in 1984 and translated from German into English. The date of issue causes the matter of bias to be somewhat disregarded. Had the book have been published 30 years earlier, the authors view would have been far more tainted. Resistance groups such as the Beck-Goerdeler Group and the Kreisau Circle realised that political overthrow of the Nazi government was unrealistic. It was becoming increasingly obvious that in order to seize power, a coup d’etat was the only answer. Based on the above source, one would expect that a military coup wasn’t out of the question. However, when approached, the army were uncooperative and, according to Alan Bullock, â€Å"The army’s illusions had helped to consolidate Nazi rule† The quote is taken from Bullock’s â€Å"Hitler – A Study in Tyranny,† which was first published in 1952. You read "The July Plot Failed Largely Because of Popular Support for Hitler" in category "Papers" A well-acclaimed book, translated into 14 languages, and written by a former tutor of modern history who lived through both World Wars, it certainly seems as though this book would prove valuable to any study set in this context. This particular quote contradicts the previous extract from Hildebrand’s â€Å"The Third Reich† and leads us to believe that the army helped to reinforce Nazi rule rather than oppose it. Some might jump to the conclusion that the reason for the difference between the two sources lies in the nationality of the authors. This is unlikely but can be taken into account as Dr. Hildebrand is German and Bullock is British. A more important factor perhaps is the date of publication of both books. Having been published in 1952, only 7 years after the end of the war, Bullock’s biography may have been influenced by public opinion, which would certainly have been strong at the time, and also lack of knowledge about the German Army. Additionally, Bullock was probably one of the first authors to write such a well-acclaimed book addressing events of the Second World War. Therefore, one might feasibly presume that his book left room for improvement as there have been countless books written since, on Hitler and on World War II. Bullock could have used primary sources, eyewitnesses and indeed his own experiences to his advantage. Dr. Klaus Hildebrand, having first published his book in 1984, would have had a wealth of material to help form his opinions and arguments. He could have used primary and secondary sources and views of other historians since the period of study. Bullock would have found this more difficult. However, Bullock had access to eyewitnesses and primary sources that Hildebrand may not have found quite so easily during the 1980s. Perhaps the reason Bullock saw the army as having ‘illusions’ lies in the fact that Hitler manipulated the army in order to prevent any threat to his totalitarian rule. It was important that he had their unconditional support as, without it, he could not maintain a secure state, and due to the severity of his regime, could even risk a military coup. He introduced a system of gradual Nazi infiltration into the army. Furthermore, with the emergence of the Hitler Youth who were also given admittance, the army were bound to become more sympathetic to Nazi sentiments. Despite Hitler’s attempts to promote Nazism within the army, he felt he still had to earn their respect somehow. The Rohm Purge of 1934 proved convenient as it gave Hitler the opportunity to eliminate those whom he felt threatened the Nazi regime whilst at the same time satisfying the Army. He instigated the Rohm Purge or the ‘Night of the Longknives’ in July of 1934. On July 1st he ordered that the detained Ernst Rohm, leader of the SA, be executed. This followed a series of executions and arrests of various SA members. The Army regarded the SA as an unruly and threatening group and thus approved of their elimination. In order to ensure he had the army’s respect, Hitler enforced their pledge to the following oath: â€Å"I swear by God this sacred oath: that I will render unconditional obedience to the Fuhrer of the German Reich and people of Adolf Hitler, the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and will be ready as a brave soldier to risk my life at any time for this oath. † (Document 1 – prescribed document pack) The above oath was a prime example of allegiance to Hitler and it made each soldiers’ commitment morally binding. It would suggest, therefore, that those who would deviate from their duties and dare to oppose Hitler would be committing an act of treachery and abandoning their morals at the same time. The oath was taken on August 2nd 1934, almost immediately after the death of General von Hindenburg. This was significant as the army had great respect for Hindenburg and Hitler had to ensure he had a similar level of respect or risk a military coup. As a result of this pledge and the army’s approval of the Rohm Purge, it was always going to prove difficult to promote anti-Nazi sentiments within their ranks. It must be said that, aside from popular support for Hitler, the July Plot and indeed many other attempts on Hitler’s life suffered from severe misfortune. An unlikely series of flukes ensured that Hitler remained unscathed by any of the attempts until the final July Plot. â€Å"General Franz Halder and Henning von Tresckow intended to use a bomb to assassinate Hitler but the device failed to detonate†¦ Field Marshal von Witzhelben intended to shoot Hitler at the Champs Elysees. Sadly Hitler declined his invitation to visit Paris†¦ Colonel von Gersdorff agreed to blow up both himself and Hitler when they shook hands but he failed to get close enough† The above extract and the oath of allegiance are taken from â€Å"David Evans and Jane Jenkins Years of Weimar and the Third Reich, 1999. † The oath is useful to an historian as a primary source. It demonstrates why it might have proven difficult to incite resistance against Hitler and thus gain support for the July Plot. As a direct translation it should not suffer from any form of bias. The above extract, in summarising the various attempts on Hitler’s life, is useful in its portrayal of the desperate measures taken by resistance groups. David Evans and Jane Jenkins are specialised historians in this subject area and will have used both primary sources, secondary sources and other historians’ views as well as their own knowledge. The date of publication of the sources would ensure that they were free from censorship. Additionally, any bias that might have been brought about during the post-war area will have been discounted by this time. By the end of 1943, The Gestapo and Himmler’s SD had succeeded in dispersing most anti-Nazi resistance within Germany. Key figures of resistance had been arrested or invalidated in some way. Hans Oster, one of the heads of German military intelligence, who had maintained active resistance against Hitler, was placed under close surveillance. In January 1944 Moltke, a leading figure in the Kreisau Circle, had also been arrested after it was discovered that he was warning conspirators that they were about to be arrested. Around the same time Beck of the Beck-Goerdeler group underwent a serious cancer operation and his health was unstable. Resistance was effectively in disarray. Again in 1944, Canaris had been dismissed as head of Abwehr on grounds of incompetence and thus the resistance suffered from a lack of information on Hitler’s movements. Thankfully Stauffenberg was appointed as Chief of Staff to General Fromm, head of the Home Army. From there he would have ample information on Hitler’s whereabouts. In the summer of 1944 Rommel was approached about joining the July Plot. He refused, criticising their tactics and claiming that assassination would turn Hitler into a martyr. Instead he suggested that Hitler should be arrested and brought to trial. However, on 17th July Rommel was injured when a British fighter aircraft attacked his car in Northern France. Furthermore, and on the same day, Goerdeler was arrested with lists for the provisional government. German resistance had suffered a terrible run of bad luck. Nevertheless, plans to assassinate Hitler and seize Berlin were put into action. On July 20th, Stauffenberg’s presence was requested at a conference to report on the state of the Home Army. It was intended that Stauffenberg would assassinate Hitler using a time bomb in a briefcase. At the same time, it was proposed that resistance troops in Berlin would seize governmental buildings, telephone and signal centres and radio stations after arresting SS troops who might put a stop to the plan, known as ‘Operation Valkyrie. ‘ The conference had been put forward by half an hour from 1pm because Hitler had a meeting in the early afternoon with Mussolini. When it came to the conference, Stauffenberg arrived late having activated the time bomb in his briefcase. He placed it about 12 feet from where Hitler was stood and made a prompt exit. The bomb exploded and the plot almost proved successful; although the bomb had exploded in Hitler’s vicinity, his good fortune remained a prevalent factor in his survival. â€Å"Hitler had been protected, partly by the table-top over which he was leaning at the time, and partly by the heavy wooden support on which the table rested and against which Stauffenberg’s brief-case had been pushed before the bomb exploded† In spite of the fact that Hitler had sustained minor injuries and was fairly shaken, he delivered a speech to the public on the same day. The extract above is a fitting example of Hitler’s uncanny good fortune and is taken from â€Å"Hitler A study in Tyranny,† written by Alan Bullock. The conspiracy fell apart quickly; General Fromm had Stauffenberg shot at midnight in the courtyard of the War Ministry and in the following months of vengeance, Hitler was sure to seek out all those involved and have them tortured and executed. In fact, many of those killed thereafter had no connection with the July Plot but were merely among a large group of people whom Hitler was wary of for one reason or another. Aside from Hitler’s persistent fortuity and the loss key figures in German resistance, there were other factors that led to the failure of the July Plot. It could be said that the various assassination attempts including the July Plot failed due to lack of competence. The mere fact that so many assassination attempts were implemented would suggest that there was a sense of desperation in the hope of removing Hitler. The following extract quotes Henning von Tresckow when voicing his opinion to Stauffenberg: â€Å"The assassination must be attempted at all costs. If it should fail, action must still be taken in Berlin. For it is no longer a question of the practical aim: it must be demonstrated to the world and to history that the German resistance has decided on a supreme throw. Nothing matters in comparison with this. † The quote is again taken from â€Å"The Third Reich† written by Dr. Klaus Hildebrand. I believe it to be useful in its portrayal of the sheer desperation of the Beck-Goerdeler group in their attempt to remove Hitler. When looking at the failure of the July Plot one might ask what would have happened if the initial assassination attempt had succeeded. Different historians have different views as to what post Hitler Germany would have held in store. Some say the Beck-Goerdeler group’s provisional government would have failed, some say they would have succeeded. Heinz Guderian was commander of the General Staff. As a result of the July Plot Guderian demanded the resignation of any officer who did not fully support the ideals of the Nazi Party. Over the next few months Guderian played a role in the Army Court of Honour that expelled hundreds of officers suspected of being opposed to Hitler’s policies. Although willing to carry out a purge of the Army, Guderian disagreed with Hitler over strategy and he was dismissed from office on 28th March 1945. According to his book ‘Panzer Leader,’ He believed that the resistance hadn’t enough troops to defend their position. He believed essentially that Operation Valkyrie was a disaster and that even if Hitler had been assassinated, Germany would have been no worse or better off. Guderian joined the army in 1908 thus he had considerable military experience. He led the attack on Poland in September 1939 and his rapid success sent shockwaves throughout the world. One would assume that Guderian’s view would therefore be one of value. Guderian stated that: â€Å"The officers and men assembled for Operation Valkyrie had not the slightest idea of what was going on. † However, having been published in 1953, there is likelihood that Guderian’s book may have been influenced by public opinion. Furthermore Guderian served under Hitler and was witness to much propaganda that would have shamed and discredited the resistance movements. It is quite possible that Guderian could have taken on board some of Hitler’s views on resistance movements such as the Beck-Goerdeler Group, which might explain his unenthusiastic view of their strategy. Albert Speer agrees with the fundamental idea that the coup was doomed from the start. He believed that the plot failed because of the extent of loyalty to Hitler. Speer first met Hitler in July 1933 as a member of the SS and was given the task of organising the Nuremberg Rally. He became Minister of Armaments and was a good administrator. He considerably raised production levels of armaments. He must have been familiar with Hitler and the degree of loyalty that he commanded. One might expect, then, that his claim might have been justified. However, it may once again be worthwhile to consider Speer’s possible acceptance of Hitler’s ideas as his own. If this was the case then Speer may have been misled as to how much loyalty to Hitler actually existed. Others believe that the plan would have succeeded. Certainly Bullock makes reference to the fact that in Paris, the plan actually worked. Conspirators in Paris, Vienna, Prague, Kassel, and Frankfurt continued to implement their plans even after the reported failure of the coup in Berlin. The plans made considerable achievements in Paris where some 1,200 SS and SD troops were arrested. It collapsed, however, simply because the assassination attempt on Hitler had failed. Added to this was the fact that the Navy and SS quickly began their counter measures. Bullock also looked upon the support of Rommel as a positive factor, claiming that: â€Å"His popularity would have been a considerable asset. † As already established, Bullock was a tutor in modern history at the same time as he was writing ‘Hitler a Study in Tyranny. ‘ He was also Vice Chancellor of Oxford University from 1969-73. He had a wealth of experience in the field of modern History and this particular book is hailed to be: ‘Acclaimed all over the world as an outstanding biography. ‘ David G. Williamson looks upon the failure of the July Plot somewhat sympathetically. He believes that, had the generals in Berlin have acted more decisively without waiting to hear whether or not Hitler was dead, they could have overthrown the SS and the SD as they did in Paris. Williamson is an expert in this field and has written several books on German Modern History including ‘The Third Reich,’ which is quoted in document 11 of the prescribed document pack. This particular book was published in 1982. Williamson would therefore have had a great deal of material at his disposal. He will have used a range of primary and secondary sources as well as taking into consideration views of other historians. Some of his other titles include ‘Bismarck and Germany 1862-1890,’ published in 1986, ‘Germany from Defeat to Partition, 1945-1963,’ and ‘The Age of the Dictators,’ not yet published. The views of Heinz Guderian and David G. Williamson differ greatly. We might again attribute this to their difference in nationality, though there are once more additional factors to be considered. Guderian’s view might have been tainted greatly by a very influential Hitler whereas Williamson’s view should have been free from any form of bias. The dates of publication also differ greatly. Guderian’s book, ‘Panzer Leader’ was published in 1953, probably written almost immediately after the war when the general consensus was certainly a biased one. Williamson’s ‘The Third Reich’ was published in 1982 when there was more material available, less propaganda and less influenced public opinion. I feel that support for Hitler was widespread, and where there wasn’t support there was loyalty through fear. I believe that Himmler posed as much of a threat as Hitler as a Nazi aggressor and as head of the army from 1944, he could have overthrown any kind of provisional government set up by the Beck-Goerdeler Group upon assassination of Hitler. It would be wrong to say that the plot failed entirely due to popular support for Hitler and more feasible to propose that, as the essay title suggests, the plot failed largely due to popular support for Hitler. He gained the support of the army and had the support of the SA and later the SS. He also had a largely dedicated governmental cabinet. Any form of opposition was promptly eliminated. Of course, the July Plot also failed because of a succession of mishaps and poor organisation as previously mentioned. How to cite The July Plot Failed Largely Because of Popular Support for Hitler, Papers

Learning A Lesson the Hard Way Essay Example For Students

Learning A Lesson the Hard Way Essay A once beautiful, ever so lively, welcoming home was gradually becoming a desolate empty, cold and lonely house. 55 Sonia Drive, a beautiful house, with an awful hue of forest green paint job, a huge, immaculate front yard, an even bigger backyard, a carport big enough to hold three cars, two great, brick light post at the end of the driveway that stood like guards protecting a castle, and five grand trees, that seemed as if they stretched for miles. One was an Evergreen tree, another was a Magnolia tree, one was a vibrant Crepe Myrtle, and the last two were Pecan trees. My brother and I enjoyed climbing them. The backyard was our gigantic playground. We even had a little forest to play in. The home, originally belonging to my grandparents, was like heaven to me. Animals were lounging and playing everywhere. They had this extreme bright, yellow kitchen. Grandma was into sunflowers, so she had Grandpa paint it a ghastly yellow. I think he might have gotten the wrong shade of yellow because it turned out to look more of a banana and a sunflower. There was sunflower wallpaper lining the top of wall where it and the ceiling met. In the living room, wooden paneled walls, a skylight, the Bat Cave (a fireplace), a cabinet with a glass door that held all of their records and their record player, a white couch with faded pink floral prints on it, it was terribly outdated, and so many little stains on the carpet from messy grandchildren. We always loved going to Grandma and Grandpas. In the year 2001, my mother, my brother and I ended up moving to the place that I believed in my mind to be heaven. Living there wasnt everything I thought it seemed. Things were not as happy as visiting made them look. Not long after, Grandma left. She was ready to pursue her dreams and go forth and start her career in child services. It was just us and Grandpa. I thought it was good. As the time passed, I started to realize it was not. Everyday things grew a little bit quieter, lonely, and distant. A home was now just another house on the block. Grandpa was slowly growing into a bitter old man. The angrier he became, the sadder the house became. He stayed cooped up in his tiny little room. A small room that connected the house to the guest apartment. It was also painted the horrible bright yellow. A few plates with paintings of cats on them were still hanging on the walls. A round table stood by the door. On it sat multiple empty cans of Budweiser. He never left the room unless it benefited himself. He would always cook dinner, but he would never eat anything. All he got was another beer, and jar of peanut butter then back to his chamber for the night. He became hard to tolerate. Nothing seemed to appease him anymore. Everything you did was wrong because it wasnt done his way. It seemed that as he started to become bitter, and sad, and fall apart, so did the house. The shingles roof needed replacing, the ceiling, in the kitchen started leaking, the sewage system started to fail. It was becoming too much to handle. The house was starting to come apart at the seams. It started to feel more like living in a prison, and I was merely a prisoner with a private cell. I did not want to be there. I would try to leave as often as possible, even if it was to go for a walk down the street. Then, one day, he left. He never looked back. Everything he knew of that house he walked away from. He left it all within those walls. .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 , .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 .postImageUrl , .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 , .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0:hover , .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0:visited , .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0:active { border:0!important; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0:active , .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0 .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8190ddd16d7dbcdf69aa9db96c8ea2f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Burial Practices Of The Ancient Egyptian And Greco Essay PaperShortly after he left, the house was left for dead. Things began to worsen, so soon after, we left too. We could no longer live in the place we once held so near and dear to our hearts and called home. A once joyous house felt so dead, lifeless, and hopeless. The house that I made and held my fondest memories in was a place no more, for me. Although, leaving the greatest home I knew was sad, it was also relieving. It was great to leave a home that was not so sad and lonely. It was the start of a new journey, in a new home, which meant there were plenty more memories that I got to make.

Chapter Review free essay sample

RBCs are biconcave discs that lack mitochondria, ribosomes, and nuclei, and they contain a large amount of hemoglobin. RBCs transport oxygen, while WBCs are involved in immunity. The five types of WBCs vary in size from slightly lager to twice the diameter of an RBC, contain a prominent nucleus, and may contain granules with distinct staining properties. 24. How do elements of blood defend against toxins and pathogens in the body? WBCs defend against toxins and pathogens, Neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes engulf and digest bacteria, protozoa, fungi, viruses, and cellular debris. Lymphocytes specialize to attack 25. What is the role of blood in the stabilization and maintenance of body temperature? Blood stabilizes and maintains body temperature by absorbing and redistributing the heat produced by active skeletal muscles. Dermal capillaries dilate when body temperature rises, thereby increasing blood flow to the skin and dissipating the excess heat into the air. Dermal capillaries constrict when body temperature falls, thereby decreasing blood flow to the skin and conserving heat for internal organs that are more temperature sensitive. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 26. Describe the structure of hemoglobin. How does the structure relate to its function? Each molecule of hemoglobin consists of four protein subunits, each of which contains a single molecule of heme, a non-protein ring surrounding an iron ion. These central iron ions are what actually pick up and release oxygen molecules. 27. Why is aspirin sometimes prescribed for the prevention of vascular problems? Aspirin helps prevent vascular problems by inhibiting clotting. It inactivates platelet enzymes involved in the production of thromboxanes and prostaglandins, and it inhibits endothelial cell production of prostacyclin.